What does it mean to censure someone?

Censuring someone involves expressing strong disapproval or criticism of their actions or behavior. This practice is often formalized, such as in legislative bodies, where an individual may receive a censure as an official reprimand for misconduct or failure to adhere to established standards. The act of censure serves as a means of accountability, signaling that the behavior in question is unacceptable and may require correction or acknowledgment.

In contrast, rewarding or commending someone implies a positive reinforcement of their actions, which directly opposes the concept of censure. Promotion refers to advancing someone to a higher position or rank, while ignoring their actions would mean failing to address any behavior, whether positive or negative. Thus, the essence of censure lies in strong criticism, which is why it aligns directly with the definition provided in the correct answer.