Which of the following is a characteristic of "grid north"?

The concept of "grid north" refers specifically to the orientation of the grid lines on a map, which are aligned with the meridians of longitude. These grid lines are typically vertical when using standard mapping and are established to help users accurately navigate and determine locations on the surface depicted by the map.

This characteristic is fundamental in map reading and navigation, particularly when using grid reference systems, which rely on these vertical lines for accurate plotting of positions. By aligning maneuvers or travel routes with the grid north indicated on a map, individuals can effectively utilize the grid for navigation and spatial understanding.

In contrast, true north refers to the geographical North Pole, while magnetic north is where a compass points due to the Earth's magnetic field. Neither of those is inherently linked to the grid system used in maps, which is strictly a matter of the map's orientation defined by vertical lines. Moreover, grid north remains constant on a given map regardless of geographic or magnetic variances that may occur in the real world.